Do I need to remove my front bumper to install this reinforcement?

Yes. You'll need to take off the bumper cover to access the factory mounting points where the reinforcement attaches. It's a straightforward job with a socket set and a bit of patience.

Does this come with all the hardware I need to bolt it on?

Hardware is not included with this reinforcement. You'll use the existing factory fastener points on your Equinox — just verify the bolt condition when you remove the old bumper.

Can I paint this before installation, or should I do it after?

Test-fit it first to make sure everything lines up. Once you're confident, painting before install keeps your hands cleaner and gives you better control. Use primer and automotive paint rated for the material, and let everything cure fully before reassembling.